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| A view west along High Street |
Continuing my exploration of Campsall along High Street, next on my British Listed Buildings Photo Challenge was the Grade II Listed late mediaeval cross base set in the garden of Hill House. I could only see it from the distance, but it is made from a large block of dolomitic limestone from the Cadeby Formation, which outcrops less than 1 km away to the east.
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| The cross base in the garden of Hill House |
Behind this is a gateway and surrounding walls, which is dated by Historic England as being probably early C19 and was formerly the pedestrian entrance to Campsmount, the C18 home of the Yarborough family and of George Cooke-Yarborough from 1802-1818, but the house was demolished in 1959 and only some of its farm buildings designed by John Carr remain.
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| The gateway in the garden of Hill House |
From my photos, I can see that the walling is limestone rubble that was most likely obtained from one of the local quarries on the Brotherton Formation, but the jambs, lintel and coping stones are made from massive limestone that again is undoubtedly from the Cadeby Formation.
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| The former Old Bells public house |
Hill House is the first of many buildings on High Street and No Road that have had their limestone walls rendered, but still retain their red pantile roofs, which are marked on the 1854 Ordnance Survey (OS) map. Of these, the Grade II Listed former Old Bells public house and associated buildings and Rose Cottage have probable dates of the early C19 and C17 repectively and that the render is the original finish.
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| Rose Cottage |
When visiting Warmsworth and Sprotbrough, where their core of older buildings are sited on the Brotherton Formation, based on my general observation of the colours and textures of the wide variety of buildings that I have seen, I have presumed that most of their listed buildings and contemporary vernacular architecture are built with limestone from the Cadeby Formation.
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| Rendered houses on High Street and No Road |
These villages also have many historic buildings that have been rendered, which is a material that I do not consider to be a feature of the very many places that I have visited, which are set on the Cadeby Formation; however, it is one of the characteristic materials of the vernacular architecture on the Brotherton Formation, where it provides an aesthetically pleasing finish and stability to an inferior quality building stone that is at best suited for use as rubble walling.
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| Quarries on the Cadeby Formation to the west of Campsall |
The function and architectural quality of a building and the social status of its owner will often determine the choice of materials and the old Freestone Quarry on Woodfield Road, now a plantation, is less than 2 km away to the west. Other quarries on the Cadeby Formation within a distance of less than 3.5 km – at Barnsdale and Park Nook for example – would also have been able to supply massive limestone for quoins, dressings, gateposts etc. and the costs of transport would probably not exclude its use for general walling in the more substantial houses.
Moving further along High Street, the old boundary walls that I had first encountered at the top of The Avenue are still an important part of the Conservation Area. Mill Court and the building at the entrance to Yew Tree Court have replaced earlier buildings on this site, but to my eye it looks like limestone from the Cadeby Formation has been used for these.
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| Buildings at Mill Court and Yew Tree Court |
When undertaking surveys of the RIGS (Regionally Important Geological Sites) in South Yorkshire, including the resurvey of sites for the Doncaster Geodiversity Assessment, I visited only 4 sites on the Brotherton Formation. On my subsequent travels in Doncaster, to visit its mediaeval churches, I have seen only a handful of small roadside exposures and encountered just a few historic buildings that are built with this limestone.
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| Red sandstone at the entrance to Granville |
Before continuing along High Street, I immediately stopped outside the drive to the bungalow called Granville, which has been built on a plot of land that was formerly occupied by a Ebenezer chapel. I was particularly interested to see a red sandstone wall, with a pedestrian and presumably vehicular access – for which I can’t offer an explanation for its purpose or use of this particular stone in a limestone built village.
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| A view of Sunny Side Farm from the east |
Just beyond the entrance to Yew Tree Court, the front elevation and gable ends of Sunny Side Farm have exposed stonework, whereas the rear wing set at a right angle is rendered. I don’t know if the stonework has had render removed, but the windows have jambs and heads constructed in red brick, with relieving arches above the windows.
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| A view of Sunny Side Farm from the west |
At each end, there are a few quoins made of long stones with quite a limited depth of course, but those above are only slightly bigger than the largest stones in the adjacent rubble walling that consists mainly of thinly bedded stones.
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| The Forge |
Passing a few more cottages that are both rendered and have exposed stonework, The Forge, which was once attached to the village smithy, provides another example of windows with brick jambs and flat brick arches, but this time it has quoins that are much larger than the general walling stones and are well squared.
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| The Manor House and attached outbuilding |
On No Road, at the Grade II Listed Manor House, which dates to the C18 with C19 remodelling, the pattern of exposed rubble limestone with brick relieving arches is repeated in the large farmhouse and its attached outbuilding, although the west windows on the ground and first floor appear to have been enlarged with a massive stone sill, jambs and head that has a square hood mould with label stops.
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| The barn attached to the outbuilding of the Manor House |
Although not itself listed, a large two storied barn is attached to the east end at right angles, with a brick arch to the gable end window, and a little further along on the opposite side of No Road is another large agricultural building, which has been converted to residential use.
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| A converted agricultural building on No Road |
Retracing my steps back down No Road, I passed another cottage named Woodleigh that is built with limestone rubble with brick arched windows and a door to its north elevation, before turning onto Sutton Road and heading back towards the Church of St. Mary Magdalene via Back Lane.
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| Views of Woodleigh on No Road |
On previous days out to Hooton Pagnell and Palterton, I encountered linear streets that are also called Back Lane, which relate to the mediaeval street pattern that goes back to the C12 – with many farms occupying the space between this and the Main Street/High Street – and I took a couple of photos of a complex of farm buildings at its west end.
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| Farm buildings on Back Lane |
Continuing along Back Lane, where modern houses have been built, the rear extension to the former Old Bell public house provides another example of limestone from the Brotherton Formation and I presume that the rendered front section has similar masonry beneath it.
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| The rear extension to the former Old Bells public house |
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